Researchers Uncover New Role of Protein Degradation in Meiosis
Will have major impact on understanding of genome stability and birth defects
A multi-university team of researchers have for the first time determined how the proteasome, the machinery that in all living cells destroys proteins after they have completed their function, controls key processes of chromosome segregation during meiosis. These findings shed new light on how protein degradation controls cellular functions and could have major implications for our understanding of how errors in chromosome stability can lead to birth defects and cancer. The findings were by the journal Science on Thursday, January 5.
Meiosis is a specialized cell division used for gamete formation by all sexually reproducing organisms, including animals, plants, and humans. During meiosis the proteasome assists in regulating the concentration of particular proteins and degrading misfolded proteins, in a process known as proteolysis. However, the significant impact of proteolytic activity on events leading up to chromosome segregation during meiosis was unknown until now.
鈥淜ey events of meiosis involve the pairing and crossing over between homologous chromosomes,鈥 says Valentin B??rner, leader of the research team and an associate professor with 老澳门六合彩官方开奖鈥檚 . 鈥淥ur findings show that the proteasome controls both processes via its proteolytic activity. Errors in this activity could be the reason for chromosomal instabilities which cause miscarriages, birth defects such as Down syndrome and cancer. This is the first case where proteolytic activity has been implicated in large-scale changes in chromosome pairing.鈥
B??rner鈥檚 team also found that proteasomes are specifically recruited to chromosomes as part of a cellular differentiation program. Previously, it had been widely assumed that proteasome-substrate interactions were opportunistic.
鈥淭his represents a paradigm shift in our understanding of how the proteasome actually interacts with chromosomes,鈥 adds B??rner who also serves as a research scientist with the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center at Case Western Reserve University. 鈥淚t will greatly inform our efforts to better map how protein degradation affects chromosome stability in cells and how defects in these processes impact human health.鈥
B??rner鈥檚 team also included researchers from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Washington State University.
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